COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL MODELS OF R&D COMMERCIALISATION AND THEIR ADAPTATION FOR KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

This article examines international models of research and development (R&D) commercialisation and their adaptation within the framework of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of science and innovation. A comparative analysis of institutional and financial mechanisms that ensure the effectiveness of technology transfer in leading countries namely the United States, Canada, Australia, South Korea, and the European Union is conducted. The results of the study indicate that successful commercialization systems are built upon strong university–industry collaboration, well-developed technology transfer infrastructure, hybrid financing mechanisms, and a clear regulatory framework. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the Kazakhstani model, including the identification of key barriers and potential directions for its improvement.

The findings of this research may be applied in the development of state policy in the fields of science, innovation, and technological advancement.